Chapter 1 The Operation Of Geographic Factors In History

Man a product of the earth's surface.

Stability of geographic factors in history.

Persistent effect of remoteness.

Effect of proximity.

Persistent effect of natural barriers.

Persistent effect of nature-made highways.

Regions of historical similarity.

Climatic influences.

The relation of geography to history.

Multiplicity of geographic factors.

Evolution of geographic relations.

Evolution of world relations.

Interplay of geographic factors.

Land and sea in co-operation.

Land and sea opposed.

Local and remote geographic factors.

Direct and indirect effects of environment.

Indirect mental effects.

Indirect effects in differentiation of colonial peoples.

Indirect effect through isolation.

General importance of indirect effects.

Indirect political and moral effects.

Time element.

Effect of a previous habitat.

Transplanted religions.

Partial response to environment

The case of Spain.

Sporadic response to a new environment.

The larger conception of the environment.

Unity of the earth.